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Language 101
for Non-Language-Adept Visitors
to Western Europe

Or ... groping for grammar!

A Few Basic Phrases, in German, Italian and French

Complete Listing of Ed and Julie's Travel Tips and Planning Tools

Must I Join a Tour If I Don't Speak the Language?

How much language do you need to enjoy a visit to Western Europe? Very little in many or most cases. So don't let language inability keep you from independent travel about Europe.

The Better Question: Will We Enjoy Our Trip More With a Little Language?

The more language you know the more you'll likely enjoy your trip. And the more the locals will enjoy your visit. It's easy to pick up enough, even for a language clod like Ed, to fulfill those goals.

The Worse Question: I Don't Speak the Language ... Will I Have a Problem?

Saying you don't speak the language, today, doesn't mean you can't speak the language. Saying you don't does not endow you with an excusable permanent disability.

Unless you're leaving for Europe in the next 15 minutes you have plenty of time! Most of us will never have a great second language facility because of time and skill. If you have enough savvy to go on a trip to Europe you can learn a bit of language, whether 10 words, or 100, or 1000 or more.

The issue is not about "I don't", or "I can't" ... the issue is about "I will" or "I don't care enough". If you don't care enough to learn a bit of the languages where you'll be going, perhaps you should reconsider your trip. Most Americans expect ... often demand ... Europeans to know English when they visit the US. Why shouldn't Europeans expect Americans to know at least a bit of the language of the countries they're visiting?

English Has Its Limits

English may have replaced French as the most useful and most commonly used language between persons whose languages are different, but it hasn't become a universal tongue. Although, if you're an English-speaker, as we are, you travel with a built-in advantage.

English will help you navigate around Europe, whether the most common local language is French, German, Spanish or another. One language through many regions and countries ... quite handy. If, however, your native tongue is, say, Cantonese you still have to learn English to take advantage of this 'common' denominator. As English speakers we get a 'free ride' ... but there's a catch!

You can't expect to go just anywhere or do just anything with command of English only. Having your language restricted to English, you'll find your travels somewhat restricted as well.

Far away from the fabled 'beaten path' in an obscure valley in eastern Switzerland? English may have limited or no value. Forget about avoiding the tourist-crowded spots and treading the unbeaten path.

Three miles from the center of Rome in a lower-income housing area? Expect little English.

Even a block or two from the main tourist area, in most large cities, in a shop that sees few if any foreign visitors, you'll likely find sign language more useful than English.

Finally, English follows money ... that is to say, you'll find English far more useful in a 5-star hotel than in a B & B or pensione used mainly by local students.

The larger the city, the more tourists visit the area, the more the store caters to visitors, the more useful you'll find English.

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In Western Europe a course in English has become mandatory in virtually all school systems in all countries, for varying extents. It's difficult to find anyone under, say, thirty who hasn't had at least a couple of years of English.

Similarly, many college-bound US students learn at least two years of a foreign language.

However, many, probably most, are bashful about using a language they don't speak and understand well, and in which they get little practice. Europeans are no different. And, of course, whether European or North American, not all students are good students!

So disregard those who say, "All Europeans know English; they're just showing their arrogance or disrespect for us by not using it." Hogwash! Those who know and are confident about their English and enjoy a chance to practice it will use it.

For many others ... well, it is their 'home' you're visting ... why not speak a bit of their language. There is, after all, no rule that says English speaking travelers must be spoken to in English.

The Basics

How much language do you need for a visit to Western Europe? Depends on how much you want to spend, whether, at least occasionally, you want to stray from the most common paths, whether you'd like to please your hosts and how much fun you want to have. You can 'get by' in most cases with almost nothing but English ... but you'll miss part of what travel is all about.

Whether you stray or not, you'll want to have at least a few courtesy phrases. "Hello", "goodbye", "how are you?", "please", "thank you", "you're welcome",   ... basic elements of human interaction. To travel and not be able to express at least these phrases in the local language is discourteous at best. Without at least a handful of phrases like these in hand you may leave the impression you have the social awareness of Vlad the Impaler (Dracula).

Elementary, useful phrases include, among many others, "how much?", "how many?", "we are two" (or three or four...), "waiter", "the check", "where is?", "where are the toilets?", etc. You get the idea ... the basics of getting around. These phrases, with the appropriate noun (even in English), will work wonders. Even better if you can manage a pseudo-European accent on the English noun ... so many of our words come from French, German, Italian and Spanish.

Yes, without a verb you may sound a bit strange ... but you'll be appreciated because you're trying, and the odds are good you'll be understood well enough to achieve the desired goal.

How much? How many? Where is? Who did? What time? There is one danger in asking the "h" and "w" questions ... you'll probably get an answer. Whether you understand it or not is a function of how much study and practice you've had with your phrase book or language course.

One of Ed's problems is that his accent, while not spectacular, gets passably good after a few days' visit. Often his questions are responded to promptly and quickly ... often faster than Ed can translate. Which may make you wish you learned, "Please speak more slowly."

And then there's the most useful phrase of all, "Do you speak English?" If you didn't understand the slow answer to your question, this is your next move. If you think it's likely you'll not understand the answer to the question you're about to ask, don't ask it; ask instead, "Do you speak English?" Even being able to do that much in the local tongue leaves the impression that you're at least trying.

Any number of publishers have phrase books for specific languages. We prefer the Berlitz series, but all versions we've seen seem useful to one degree or another. We suggest you do get a phrase book for each specific language. You can find editions that cover all the European languages (and more) in a single book. We think they have far too few phrases in each language to be truly useful.

warning.gif (151 bytes)Caution! Phrase books are virtually useless if not used prior to the trip. Save your money if you plan to start reading the phrase book on the way over on the flight ... or later. You'll never keep up with the flow of events if you have to constantly look in the phrase book just to say, "You're welcome."

Do keep your phrase book with you as you travel about. As you sightsee you'll anticipate an approaching interaction. For example,  approaching a train ticket counter you'd want to look up how to ask for two roundtrips.

You should also buy and keep with you at all times a small pocket dictionary. Not every word you want will be in the phrase book. (Some phrase books have a 'dictionary' section, but it's very short and inadequate.) We also find the dictionary useful to extend our vocabulary

Riding in buses, we translate the advertising cards inside the bus, the billboards outside. Faced with a warning sign we don't understand, we translate. You'll find many opportunities to use the dictionary as well as the phrase book.

A skill rarely mentioned in guidebooks is 'sign' or 'body' language. While with friends in Madrid he developed a stomach ache. Long before Ed could look up the words for stomachache in his phrase book or dictionary Hank was into the druggist and paying for the antacid relief, without a word spoken.

Similarly, Julie insisted on shopping for lingerie in a tiny store in Rome, well off the beaten track. Operated by a woman at least in her 70s, this was no place for English. Ed guessed, properly, that neither the phrase book nor the dictionary covered, for example, 'French Cut'.

Sign and body language, though, did the job, along with a few polite Italian phrases. Ed may have thought he looked foolish, but all three of us had fun and parted 'friends', though few more actual words than 'Buon Giorno' and 'Ciao' had been spoken.

Beyond the Basics

One of the difficulties Ed finds with language is understanding the accent. You'll find short language-learning tapes in almost any bookstore. While we question whether one can really learn much language from them, they can be helpful in picking up the accent. We often play them in the car for several weeks before our trips to reacquaint ourselves with the sounds and rhythms.

If you wish to get into a more serious study of language before your trip you'll find many, many books, CDs and cassette sets to help you. Amazon.com has an extensive range of choices. To review what's available fill in the search box below with "learn xxx" (where "xxx" = French, German, etc.) and click on go.

Search:
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In Association with Amazon.com

You might enjoy learning a language at your computer; there are many advantages. We've enjoyed using the Transparent Language "Language Now" program for German. The Pimsleur products, somewhat costly, seem to get good reviews.

The Payoff

You'll find, if you open the books before your trip and use them throughout, you'll end up with far more knowledge of the language(s) than you could possibly have imagined. You may not be able to conduct a diplomatic negotiation with your new-found ability. But you will find you'll be able to get around on your trip better than, we think, 90% of English-only Americans, and you'll make countless friends among the local people you encounter.

If you're lucky enough to be able to return you'll find the language you learn is cumulative and little-forgotten. While you'll get rusty in between trips, you'll be back up to speed in two-three days on the next trip, and you add to your vocabulary and fluency on each subsequent trip ... just like riding a bike.

Don't forget to review our short list of Useful Phrases. Print them out to practice while you're commuting or cooking dinner.

If you'll be visiting our favorite spots, here are the phrase books and dictionaries we recommend:

Berlitz German Phrase Book and Dictionary
Langenscheidt's Pocket German Dictionary

German-English English-German

Berlitz French Phrase Book and Dictionary
Larousse Pocket French/English English/French Dictionary/

Larousse De Poche Dictionnaire
Francais-Anglais Anglais-Francais

Berlitz Italian Phrase Book and Dictionary
Mondadori's Pocket

Italian-English English-Italian Dictionary

Useful Phrases provides a very brief set of phrases that you can practice until you get your own phrase book and dictionary.

Learning a bit of language is a good thing to do, but don't forget Europeans (like most of the world)  measure differently than we do and they write dates and numbers differently as well.

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Copyright © 2000-2001 E.J. Gehrlein
Published September 13, 2000
Last Revision: June 12, 2001

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